Dynamics of physical systems / [by] Robert H. Cannon, Jr.

Por: Cannon, Robert HEditor: New York : McGraw-Hill, [1967]Descripción: xx, 904 p. : il. ; 23 cmTema(s): Systems engineeringOtra clasificación: 00A79
Contenidos:
 CONTENTS
1 DYNAMIC INVESTIGATION [1]
1.1 The scope of dynamic investigation [3]
1.2 The stages of a dynamic investigation [4]
1.3 The block diagram: a conceptual tool [8]
1.4 Stage I. Physical modeling: from actual system to physical model [10]
1.5 Dimensions and units [19]
PART A: EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
2 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR SIMPLE PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND ELECTROMECHANICAL [31]
2.1 Stage II. Equations of motion: from physical model to mathematical model [32]
2.2 One-dimensional mechanical systems [34]
2.3 Mechanical energy and power [53]
2.4 Gear trains and levers [54]
2.5 Motion in two and three dimensions [57]
2.6 Simple electrical systems [57]
2.7 A recapitulation of Procedure A [74]
2.8 Amplifiers and transformers [75]
2.9 Simple electromechanical systems [79]
02.10 Electromechanical elements: an empirical sampling [85]
03 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR SIMPLE HEAT-CONDUCTION AND FLUID SYSTEMS [94]
3.1 Simple heat conduction [94]
3.2 Simple fluid systems [192]
04 ANALOGIES [121]
4.1 Analogies between physical media [121]
4.2 The electrical analog of mechanical systems [125]
4.3 Classification of dynamic system elements [132]
4.4 The benefits and limitations of analysis by analog [133]
4.5 The network approach to analysis [137]
05 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS [143]
5.1 Geometry of motion in two and three dimensions [143]
5.2 Rotating reference frames [149]
5.3 Dynamic equilibrium for rigid body in general motion [152]
5.4 Equations of motion for systems of rigid bodies: examples [156]
5.5 Advantages of the D’Alembert method. The gyro [159]
5.6 Energy methods [163]
5.7 Lagrange’s method [167]
5.8 Lagrange’s method for conservative systems [169]
5.9 Lagrange’s method for nonconservative systems [173]
5.10 The relative advantages of Lagrange’s method [178]
PART B: DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELEMENTARY SYSTEMS
Introduction [180]
6 FIRST-ORDER SYSTEMS [182]
6.1 First-order systems [183]
6.2 Natural (unforced) motion [186]
6.3 Forced motion [193]
6.4 Linearity and superposition [197]
6.5 Initial conditions [200]
06.6 Special case: the pure integrator [204]
06.7 Special case: resonance [207]
6.8 Response to a very short impulse [210]
06.9 Initial conditions involving sudden change [218]
06.10 Generalization to an arbitrary input: convolution [220]
7 UNDAMPED SECOND-ORDER SYSTEMS: FREE VIBRATIONS [225]
7.1 Physical vibrations [226]
7.2 Complex numbers [236]
7.3 Mathematical operations with complex numbers [238]
7.4 Complex-vector (phasor) representation of a sine wave [242]
8 DAMPED SECOND-ORDER SYSTEMS
 [244]
8.1 Second-order systems [245]
8.2 Natural motion [246]
8.3 Dynamic characteristics and the s plane [248]
8.4 Initial conditions: 1 < ζ [255]
8.5 Initial conditions: ζ < 1 [257]
08.6 Sketching time response when ζ < 1 [259]
8.7 Initial conditions: ζ = 1 [263]
8.8 Forced motion alone [266]
8.9 Transfer functions and pole-zero diagrams [273]
08.10 Impedance and admittance [280]
8.11 Total response to abrupt disturbances [282]
08.12 Transient and steady state [290]
08.13 Impulse response of certain second-order systems [291]
08.14 Response of a second-order system by convolution [298]
08.15 Simulation: the analog computer [299]
09 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF ELEMENTARY SYSTEMS [309]
9.1 The nature of sinusoidal response [311]
09.2 Operation at a single frequency: the impedance viewpoint [313]
9.3 Frequency response [314]
9.4 Computing frequency response [321]
9.5 Logarithmic scales for plotting frequency response [322]
9.6 Forced oscillation of first-order systems: the plotting techniques of Bode [324]
9.7 Forced oscillation of undamped second-order systems: resonance [330]
9.8 Forced oscillation of damped second-order systems [335]
09.9 Techniques for plotting second-order frequency response [337]
9.10 Obtaining frequency response from the s plane [342]
9.11 Seismic instruments [345]
9.12 Frequency response of RLC circuits [352]
010 NATURAL MOTIONS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
AND TIME-VARYING SYSTEMS [355]
10.1 Methods of linear approximation [356]
10.2 State-space analysis [360]
10.3 Large motions of pendulum with damping [367]
10.4 Piecewise-linear elements [369]
10.5 Linear equations with time-varying coefficients [370]
PART C: NATURAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPOUND SYSTEMS
Introduction [374]
11 DYNAMIC STABILITY [376]
11.1 The concept of stability [377]
11.2 The elementary second-order system [379]
11.3 Locus of roots by graphical construction [384]
11.4 Damping as a variable [386]
11.5 Coupled pairs of first-order systems [392]
11.6 Feedback systems [393]
11.7 Third-order systems [396]
11-8 The root-locus method of Evans [401]
11.9 An introduction to root-locus sketching [404]
11.10 The method of Routh: third-order example [406]
11-11 Routh’s method: general case [409]
11.12 Special case of a zero term in the first column [415]
11.13 Special case of a zero row [416]
012 COUPLED MODES OF NATURAL MOTION: TWO DEGREES OF FREEDOM [419]
12.1 Forms of physical coupling [420]
12.2 Coupled equations of motion [423]
12.3 A simple vibrating system of coupled members [426]
12.4 The effect of coupling strength [431]
012.5 Beat generation [437]
12.6 Inertial coupling [442]
12.7 Normal coordinates [445]
12.8 General case, with damping: eigenvalues and eigenvectors [447]
013 COUPLED MODES OF NATURAL MOTION: MANY DEGREES OF FREEDOM [457]
13.1 Many degrees of freedom [458]
013.2 Distributed-parameter systems: equations of motion [462]
013.3 Natural motions of a class of one-dimensional distributed-parameter systems [467]
013.4 Brief description of general distributed-parameter systems [472]
013.5 Certain musical instruments [475]
013.6 A note on the musical scale [480]
13.7 Rayleigh’s method [482]
PART D: TOTAL RESPONSE OF COMPOUND SYSTEMS
Introduction [490]
14 est AND TRANSFER FUNCTIONS [492]
14.1 Review of the transfer-function concept [493]
14.2 Transferred response of subsystems in cascade [495]
14.3 Graphical evaluation of transfer functions from the system pole-zero diagram [497]
14.4 Transferred response of systems with general coupling [500]
14.5 Matrix representation and standard form [502]
14.6 Matrix description of eigenvector calculation [509]
015 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF COMPOUND SYSTEMS [510]
15.1 Frequency response of subsystems in cascade [511]
15.2 Frequency response of systems with two-way coupling [514]
15.3 Resonance in coupled systems [518]
15.4 Design for a single frequency: the vibration absorber [525]
16 RESPONSE TO PERIODIC FUNCTIONS: FOURIER ANALYSIS [529]
16.1 Real Fourier series [529]
16.2 Complex Fourier series [533]
16.3 Spectral representation [534]
17 THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM METHOD [535]
17.1 Demonstration of the Laplace transform method [537]
17.2 Evolution of the Laplace transform [544]
17.3 Application of the Laplace transform: the one-sided Laplace transform [549]
17.4 Summary of basic Laplace transform relations [554]
17.5 Derivation of common Laplace transform pairs [555]
17.6 Transfer functions from Laplace transformation [559]
17.7 Total response by the Laplace transform method [562]
17.8 The final-value theorem and the initial-value theorem [567]
17.9 A system’s response to an impulse and its £ transform [572]
17.10 Initial conditions and impulse response: a physical interpretation [572]
17.11 Equations of motion in standard form: state variables [576]
17.12 Convolution and the Laplace transform [580]
18 FROM LAPLACE TRANSFORM TO TIME RESPONSE BY PARTIAL FRACTION EXPANSION [584]
18.1 Formulation of the task [584]
18.2 Partial fraction expansion: case one [585]
18.3 Special handling of complex conjugate poles [588]
18.4 Use of the s-plane pole-zero array to compute response coefficients [589]
18.5 The case of repeated poles: case two [592]
18.6 Summary of Procedure D-2: partial fraction expansion [595]
19 COMPLETE SYSTEM ANALYSIS: SOME CASE STUDIES [597]
19.1 A fluid clutch [600]
19.2 An electromechanical shaker [605]
19.3 A thermal quenching operation [610]
19.4 An aircraft hydraulic servo [614]
19.5 The two-axis gyroscope [617]
PART E: FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROL-SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Introduction [628]
FEEDBACK CONTROL [630]
20.1 The philosophy of feedback control [631]
20.2 Performance objectives [635]
20.3 The sequence of control-system analysis [637]
20.4 Review of dynamic coupling [638]
20.5 The algebra of loop closing [639]
EVANS’ ROOT-LOCUS METHOD [644]
21.1 The basic principle [645]
21.2 Root-locus sketching procedure [651]
21.3 Sketching rules for 180° loci [653]
21.4 Rule 1: Real-axis segments [555]
21.5 Rule 2: Asymptotes [657]
21.6 Rule 3: Directions of departure and arrival [660]
21.7 Rule 4: Breakaway from the real axis [664]
21.8 Rule 4 (continued): The saddle-point concept [669]
21.9 Rule 5: Routh and Evans [673]
21.10 Rule 6: Fixed centroid [677]
21.11 A typical construction of root loci [678]
21.12 Summary [682]
22 SOME CASE STUDIES IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL [683]
22.1 Analysis of an electromechanical remote-indicator servo [683]
22.2 Synthesis of indicator servo using network compensation to improve performance [691]
22.3 Roll-control autopilot: a multiloop system [696]
22.4 Control of an unstable mechanical system: the stick balancer [703]
 APPENDICES
A Physical conversion factors to eight significant figures [711]
B Vector dot product and cross product [712]
C Vector differentiation in a rotating reference frame [714]
D Newton’s laws of motion [716]
E Angular momentum and its rate of change for a rigid body;
moments of inertia [718]
F Fluid friction for flow through long tubes and pipes [721]
G Duals of electrical networks [723]
H Determinants and Cramer’s rule [725]
I Computation with a Spirule [727]
J Table of Laplace transform pairs [731]
Problems [757]
Answers to odd-numbered problems [865]
Selected references [881]
Index [885]
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MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS PARA LA FÍSICA


CONTENTS --
1 DYNAMIC INVESTIGATION [1] --
1.1 The scope of dynamic investigation [3] --
1.2 The stages of a dynamic investigation [4] --
1.3 The block diagram: a conceptual tool [8] --
1.4 Stage I. Physical modeling: from actual system to physical model [10] --
1.5 Dimensions and units [19] --
PART A: EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR PHYSICAL SYSTEMS --
2 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR SIMPLE PHYSICAL SYSTEMS: MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, AND ELECTROMECHANICAL [31] --
2.1 Stage II. Equations of motion: from physical model to mathematical model [32] --
2.2 One-dimensional mechanical systems [34] --
2.3 Mechanical energy and power [53] --
2.4 Gear trains and levers [54] --
2.5 Motion in two and three dimensions [57] --
2.6 Simple electrical systems [57] --
2.7 A recapitulation of Procedure A [74] --
2.8 Amplifiers and transformers [75] --
2.9 Simple electromechanical systems [79] --
02.10 Electromechanical elements: an empirical sampling [85] --
03 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR SIMPLE HEAT-CONDUCTION AND FLUID SYSTEMS [94] --
3.1 Simple heat conduction [94] --
3.2 Simple fluid systems [192] --
04 ANALOGIES [121] --
4.1 Analogies between physical media [121] --
4.2 The electrical analog of mechanical systems [125] --
4.3 Classification of dynamic system elements [132] --
4.4 The benefits and limitations of analysis by analog [133] --
4.5 The network approach to analysis [137] --
05 EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS IN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONS [143] --
5.1 Geometry of motion in two and three dimensions [143] --
5.2 Rotating reference frames [149] --
5.3 Dynamic equilibrium for rigid body in general motion [152] --
5.4 Equations of motion for systems of rigid bodies: examples [156] --
5.5 Advantages of the D’Alembert method. The gyro [159] --
5.6 Energy methods [163] --
5.7 Lagrange’s method [167] --
5.8 Lagrange’s method for conservative systems [169] --
5.9 Lagrange’s method for nonconservative systems [173] --
5.10 The relative advantages of Lagrange’s method [178] --
PART B: DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELEMENTARY SYSTEMS --
Introduction [180] --
6 FIRST-ORDER SYSTEMS [182] --
6.1 First-order systems [183] --
6.2 Natural (unforced) motion [186] --
6.3 Forced motion [193] --
6.4 Linearity and superposition [197] --
6.5 Initial conditions [200] --
06.6 Special case: the pure integrator [204] --
06.7 Special case: resonance [207] --
6.8 Response to a very short impulse [210] --
06.9 Initial conditions involving sudden change [218] --
06.10 Generalization to an arbitrary input: convolution [220] --
7 UNDAMPED SECOND-ORDER SYSTEMS: FREE VIBRATIONS [225] --
7.1 Physical vibrations [226] --
7.2 Complex numbers [236] --
7.3 Mathematical operations with complex numbers [238] --
7.4 Complex-vector (phasor) representation of a sine wave [242] --
8 DAMPED SECOND-ORDER SYSTEMS --
[244] --
8.1 Second-order systems [245] --
8.2 Natural motion [246] --
8.3 Dynamic characteristics and the s plane [248] --
8.4 Initial conditions: 1 < ζ [255] --
8.5 Initial conditions: ζ < 1 [257] --
08.6 Sketching time response when ζ < 1 [259] --
8.7 Initial conditions: ζ = 1 [263] --
8.8 Forced motion alone [266] --
8.9 Transfer functions and pole-zero diagrams [273] --
08.10 Impedance and admittance [280] --
8.11 Total response to abrupt disturbances [282] --
08.12 Transient and steady state [290] --
08.13 Impulse response of certain second-order systems [291] --
08.14 Response of a second-order system by convolution [298] --
08.15 Simulation: the analog computer [299] --
09 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF ELEMENTARY SYSTEMS [309] --
9.1 The nature of sinusoidal response [311] --
09.2 Operation at a single frequency: the impedance viewpoint [313] --
9.3 Frequency response [314] --
9.4 Computing frequency response [321] --
9.5 Logarithmic scales for plotting frequency response [322] --
9.6 Forced oscillation of first-order systems: the plotting techniques of Bode [324] --
9.7 Forced oscillation of undamped second-order systems: resonance [330] --
9.8 Forced oscillation of damped second-order systems [335] --
09.9 Techniques for plotting second-order frequency response [337] --
9.10 Obtaining frequency response from the s plane [342] --
9.11 Seismic instruments [345] --
9.12 Frequency response of RLC circuits [352] --
010 NATURAL MOTIONS OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS --
AND TIME-VARYING SYSTEMS [355] --
10.1 Methods of linear approximation [356] --
10.2 State-space analysis [360] --
10.3 Large motions of pendulum with damping [367] --
10.4 Piecewise-linear elements [369] --
10.5 Linear equations with time-varying coefficients [370] --
PART C: NATURAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPOUND SYSTEMS --
Introduction [374] --
11 DYNAMIC STABILITY [376] --
11.1 The concept of stability [377] --
11.2 The elementary second-order system [379] --
11.3 Locus of roots by graphical construction [384] --
11.4 Damping as a variable [386] --
11.5 Coupled pairs of first-order systems [392] --
11.6 Feedback systems [393] --
11.7 Third-order systems [396] --
11-8 The root-locus method of Evans [401] --
11.9 An introduction to root-locus sketching [404] --
11.10 The method of Routh: third-order example [406] --
11-11 Routh’s method: general case [409] --
11.12 Special case of a zero term in the first column [415] --
11.13 Special case of a zero row [416] --
012 COUPLED MODES OF NATURAL MOTION: TWO DEGREES OF FREEDOM [419] --
12.1 Forms of physical coupling [420] --
12.2 Coupled equations of motion [423] --
12.3 A simple vibrating system of coupled members [426] --
12.4 The effect of coupling strength [431] --
012.5 Beat generation [437] --
12.6 Inertial coupling [442] --
12.7 Normal coordinates [445] --
12.8 General case, with damping: eigenvalues and eigenvectors [447] --
013 COUPLED MODES OF NATURAL MOTION: MANY DEGREES OF FREEDOM [457] --
13.1 Many degrees of freedom [458] --
013.2 Distributed-parameter systems: equations of motion [462] --
013.3 Natural motions of a class of one-dimensional distributed-parameter systems [467] --
013.4 Brief description of general distributed-parameter systems [472] --
013.5 Certain musical instruments [475] --
013.6 A note on the musical scale [480] --
13.7 Rayleigh’s method [482] --
PART D: TOTAL RESPONSE OF COMPOUND SYSTEMS --
Introduction [490] --
14 est AND TRANSFER FUNCTIONS [492] --
14.1 Review of the transfer-function concept [493] --
14.2 Transferred response of subsystems in cascade [495] --
14.3 Graphical evaluation of transfer functions from the system pole-zero diagram [497] --
14.4 Transferred response of systems with general coupling [500] --
14.5 Matrix representation and standard form [502] --
14.6 Matrix description of eigenvector calculation [509] --
015 FORCED OSCILLATIONS OF COMPOUND SYSTEMS [510] --
15.1 Frequency response of subsystems in cascade [511] --
15.2 Frequency response of systems with two-way coupling [514] --
15.3 Resonance in coupled systems [518] --
15.4 Design for a single frequency: the vibration absorber [525] --
16 RESPONSE TO PERIODIC FUNCTIONS: FOURIER ANALYSIS [529] --
16.1 Real Fourier series [529] --
16.2 Complex Fourier series [533] --
16.3 Spectral representation [534] --
17 THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM METHOD [535] --
17.1 Demonstration of the Laplace transform method [537] --
17.2 Evolution of the Laplace transform [544] --
17.3 Application of the Laplace transform: the one-sided Laplace transform [549] --
17.4 Summary of basic Laplace transform relations [554] --
17.5 Derivation of common Laplace transform pairs [555] --
17.6 Transfer functions from Laplace transformation [559] --
17.7 Total response by the Laplace transform method [562] --
17.8 The final-value theorem and the initial-value theorem [567] --
17.9 A system’s response to an impulse and its £ transform [572] --
17.10 Initial conditions and impulse response: a physical interpretation [572] --
17.11 Equations of motion in standard form: state variables [576] --
17.12 Convolution and the Laplace transform [580] --
18 FROM LAPLACE TRANSFORM TO TIME RESPONSE BY PARTIAL FRACTION EXPANSION [584] --
18.1 Formulation of the task [584] --
18.2 Partial fraction expansion: case one [585] --
18.3 Special handling of complex conjugate poles [588] --
18.4 Use of the s-plane pole-zero array to compute response coefficients [589] --
18.5 The case of repeated poles: case two [592] --
18.6 Summary of Procedure D-2: partial fraction expansion [595] --
19 COMPLETE SYSTEM ANALYSIS: SOME CASE STUDIES [597] --
19.1 A fluid clutch [600] --
19.2 An electromechanical shaker [605] --
19.3 A thermal quenching operation [610] --
19.4 An aircraft hydraulic servo [614] --
19.5 The two-axis gyroscope [617] --
PART E: FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROL-SYSTEM ANALYSIS --
Introduction [628] --
FEEDBACK CONTROL [630] --
20.1 The philosophy of feedback control [631] --
20.2 Performance objectives [635] --
20.3 The sequence of control-system analysis [637] --
20.4 Review of dynamic coupling [638] --
20.5 The algebra of loop closing [639] --
EVANS’ ROOT-LOCUS METHOD [644] --
21.1 The basic principle [645] --
21.2 Root-locus sketching procedure [651] --
21.3 Sketching rules for 180° loci [653] --
21.4 Rule 1: Real-axis segments [555] --
21.5 Rule 2: Asymptotes [657] --
21.6 Rule 3: Directions of departure and arrival [660] --
21.7 Rule 4: Breakaway from the real axis [664] --
21.8 Rule 4 (continued): The saddle-point concept [669] --
21.9 Rule 5: Routh and Evans [673] --
21.10 Rule 6: Fixed centroid [677] --
21.11 A typical construction of root loci [678] --
21.12 Summary [682] --
22 SOME CASE STUDIES IN AUTOMATIC CONTROL [683] --
22.1 Analysis of an electromechanical remote-indicator servo [683] --
22.2 Synthesis of indicator servo using network compensation to improve performance [691] --
22.3 Roll-control autopilot: a multiloop system [696] --
22.4 Control of an unstable mechanical system: the stick balancer [703] --
APPENDICES --
A Physical conversion factors to eight significant figures [711] --
B Vector dot product and cross product [712] --
C Vector differentiation in a rotating reference frame [714] --
D Newton’s laws of motion [716] --
E Angular momentum and its rate of change for a rigid body; --
moments of inertia [718] --
F Fluid friction for flow through long tubes and pipes [721] --
G Duals of electrical networks [723] --
H Determinants and Cramer’s rule [725] --
I Computation with a Spirule [727] --
J Table of Laplace transform pairs [731] --
Problems [757] --
Answers to odd-numbered problems [865] --
Selected references [881] --
Index [885] --

MR, *REVIEW #*

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